Understanding AODD Pump Curves: Why Flow Rate Drops Before You Expect It

The pump curve looked fine on paper. At the required flow rate and the available air pressure, the pump should have delivered comfortably. Then it was installed, and flow was 30% lower than expected. This is one of the most common commissioning disappointments with AODD pumps — and it is almost always the result of […]

What Happens When You Run a Boiler Monitoring System Without a Sample Cooler

Every boiler feedwater and steam condensate analyser on the market — including the Pyxis Guardian IK-2000 series — specifies that it must be installed downstream of a sample cooler. This requirement is stated prominently in the installation documentation, with operating temperature limits of 40–49°C at the sensor inlet. In practice, sample coolers are frequently omitted […]

Why Cation Conductivity Tells You More Than Standard Conductivity in a Boiler System

Standard conductivity measurement is one of the most common parameters in boiler feedwater and steam condensate monitoring. It is fast, inexpensive, and gives a useful general indication of total dissolved solids. But in power generation and co-generation applications, standard conductivity has a significant limitation: it cannot reliably distinguish between contaminants that are genuinely corrosive and […]

The Consequences of Running a Cooling Tower Above Its Maximum Cycles of Concentration

Cycles of concentration is one of the most important parameters in cooling tower operation. It determines how much mineral content builds up in the circulating water relative to the makeup water, and it directly controls both water consumption and the risk of scale and corrosion. Most operators know they should monitor it. Far fewer understand […]